Dental diseases include dental caries, developmental defects of enamel, dental erosion
and periodontal disease. The main cause of tooth loss is dental caries in which
diet plays an important role. Diet also plays a significant aetiological role in
dental erosion, the prevalence of which seems to be increasing, and dietary components
may contribute to development of enamel defects
Diet has a local effect on oral health, primarily on the integrity of the teeth,
pH, and composition of the saliva and plaque. Nutrition, however, has a systemic
effect on the integrity of the oral cavity, including teeth, periodontium (supporting
structure of the teeth), oral mucosa, and alveolar bone. Alterations in nutrient
intake secondary to changes in diet intake, absorption, metabolism, or excretion
can affect the integrity of the teeth, surrounding tissues, and bone as well as
the response to wound healing.
The form of the fermentable carbohydrate directly influences the duration of exposure
and retention of the food on the teeth. Prolonged oral retention of cariogenic components
of food may lead to extended periods of acid production and demineralization and
to shortened periods of remineralization.
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